In November 1964, Malcolm X ended a tour of Africa, where he had passed through a dozen different states. Instead of returning directly to the United States, he travelled first to Paris and then the UK. There he took part in a debate at the Oxford Union Society in one of his final public appearances before his murder the following February He spoke with the motion, “extremism in the defence of liberty is no vice; moderation in the pursuit of justice is no virtue”.

He spoke out in favour of black supremacy and advocated the separation of black and white Americans – unlike the civil rights movement, which had placed an emphasis on integration.